Choyamba: Zomwe zikuchitika ku United States pazaka khumi zikubwerazi (lipoti la McKinsey)

a.Nthawi zambiri, United States ipitiliza kukula pantchito zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

b.McKinsey akulosera kuti ntchito idzapitirira kukula m'madera azaumoyo, teknoloji ya STEM, chilengedwe ndi kasamalidwe, bizinesi ndi malamulo, kasamalidwe, maphunziro ndi maphunziro a ntchito, ntchito zamakasitomala ndi malonda, kasamalidwe ka katundu, ulimi, zomangamanga, ndi kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake. khumi.

c.Thanzi ndi kukula kwa ntchito zokhudzana ndi STEM ndizokwera kuposa 30%.Kukula kwa STEM sikovuta kumvetsetsa.Kuwonjezeka kwa chiwerengero cha maudindo a zaumoyo ndi zachipatala makamaka chifukwa chakuti anthu akufuna kukhala ndi moyo wathanzi kuti awonjezere moyo wawo, ndipo kuwonjezereka kwa moyo kumabweretsa ukalamba wapadziko lonse.

d.Kuyika ndi kukonza makina, ntchito zapagulu, ogwira ntchito pagulu ndi oyendetsa makina, ntchito zoperekera zakudya, komanso ogwira ntchito m'maofesi adzachotsedwa ntchito chifukwa cha luntha lochita kupanga zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

McKinsey alosera za ntchito zomwe zikukula mwachangu m'magawo asanu akuluakulu aukadaulo wotsogola, chilengedwe, chuma, chithandizo chamalingaliro, komanso chithandizo chamankhwala m'zaka khumi zikubwerazi.

a.Ukadaulo wa Frontier: opanga mapulogalamu

b.Gulu la zolengedwa: opanga mkati, ma multimedia ndi makanema ojambula pamanja, opanga mawonetsero, ndi zina zambiri.

c.Kusamalira chuma: katswiri wa zakudya;broker;katswiri wa physiology;chuma manager, etc.

d.Thandizo pazakhalidwe ndi m'malingaliro: ophunzitsa, azachipatala / upangiri, ndi akatswiri azamisala akusukulu, ndi zina zambiri.

e.Chithandizo chamankhwala: physiotherapist;namwino;wothandizira dokotala;dokotala;wothandizira munthu payekha, etc.

Pantchito yamtsogolo, antchito ochulukirapo adzafunika kukhala ndi luso lanzeru (zopanga, luso lotha kuthana ndi zidziwitso zovuta kuthetsa mavuto), chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kulumikizana (mwachangu, utsogoleri ndi luso loyang'anira), komanso luso laukadaulo (kutha kupanga mapulogalamu / luso lopanga mapulogalamu / luso lopanga mapulogalamu). kuthekera kwa data processing).

Chachiŵiri: Unansi wapakati pa maulamuliro aakulu a dziko udzakhala wovuta kwambiri m’zaka khumi zikubwerazi

a.Mayiko akuluakulu asanu ndi limodzi padziko lapansi: United States, China, Russia, European Union (yonse, mphamvu zake zogwirira ntchito ndizofanana ndi dziko lalikulu), Japan, India.

Dziko la Brazil silinawerengedwe, ngakhale kuti ndi lalikulu mokwanira kuti likhale dziko lalikulu, mwatsoka, luso lake lochita zinthu ndi losauka.

Nkhalango ya Amazon ya mapapo akulu kwambiri padziko lapansi ili ku Brazil, ndipo Mtsinje wa Amazon, impso zapadziko lapansi, ulinso ku Brazil.Kodi madziwa ndi olemera bwanji?Ngakhale nyengo yachilimwe, madzi ake amachuluka kuwirikiza ka 8 kuposa a mtsinje wa Yangtze.

Malo ku Brazil ndikuti mikhalidwe ndiyabwino kwambiri.Ngati ili yabwino kwambiri, kudzakhala kosavuta kukhala ndi mavuto: kutayirira ndi kusakhoza kulinganiza bwino zinthu, ndipo kupita patsogolo kwa anthu kumayesedwa ndi luso la bungwe.

Dziko la Russia lili ndi anthu ochepera 142 miliyoni komanso kubadwa kwa anthu 0.67 okha.Mkazi sangakhale ndi mwana;anthu a ku Ulaya ndi ku Japan nawonso akukalamba.Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, chuma, ndi kuthekera kwa bungwe la dziko, zinthu ku China, United States, ndi India nzabwinoko.

b.Tsogolo la ubale wa Sino-Japan liyenera kukhala lovuta kwambiri

Japan, ine ndekha ndikuganiza kuti ndizovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kuvomereza kukwera kwa China, chifukwa Japan ili ndi maganizo awiri omwe mayiko ena alibe, imodzi ndi yopusa kusankhana ndi China, ina ndi mlandu waukulu kwambiri. nzeru.

Chofunikira kuti Japan akhale ndi mwayi waukadaulo ndikuti aku China akana kuphunzira.Malingana ngati a ku China ayamba kuphunzira, ndi nthawi yochepa kuti ayambe kumupeza pa luso lamakono.

Sitima yapamtunda yothamanga kwambiri ku Japan imatchedwa Shinkansen, ndipo amaona kuti ali okha padziko lapansi.Tsopano akudziwa bwino lomwe kuti njanji ya China yothamanga kwambiri ndiyabwino kuposa iwo.France, Japan, ndi China ndi mayendedwe atatu akuluakulu a njanji zothamanga kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Ndife opambana.Shinkansen ya ku Japan ili ndi liwiro lalikulu la makilomita 246 pa ola, France ili ndi makilomita 272, ndipo ku China, ndi makilomita osakwana 300 pa ola.Malinga ndi miyezo yaku China, ku Japan kulibe njanji yothamanga kwambiri.Kodi liwiro la makilomita 246 lingatchulidwe bwanji kuti njanji yothamanga kwambiri?

China ndi dziko labwino kwambiri pakati pa mayiko akuluakulu.Japan kwenikweni anadutsa kulakwitsa, koma sanazindikire kulakwitsa, kotero tsogolo la ubale Sino-Japan ayenera kukhala zovuta kwambiri.

C. Ubale wa Sino-Indian uyeneranso kukhala wovuta kwambiri mtsogolo

Ili ndi vuto lenileni chifukwa cha mikangano yamalire.Ndiye moona mtima, tawuka nthawi yomweyo ndipo tili mumpikisano wanzeru.

Chachitatu: Mphamvu zapakatikati pazaka khumi zikubwerazi zikuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kwambiri

M'malingaliro mwanga, maulamuliro anayi apakati omwe tiyenera kusamala kwambiri m'tsogolomu ndi Vietnam, Indonesia, Iran, ndi Turkey.

a.Vietnam

Kukula kwa mafakitale ku Vietnam kuyenera kukhala kwabwino.Ili ndi kuthekera kotukula mafakitale, ndipo ili ndi anthu opitilira 90 miliyoni, omwe posachedwa apitilira 100 miliyoni.Chiwerengero cha anthu chilipo ndipo kuthekera kwa mafakitale kuliponso.

Zotsatira za manambala a Olimpiki apadziko lonse zidatuluka, South Korea idakhala yoyamba, China idakhala yachiwiri, ndipo Vietnam idakhala yachitatu.Ndikuganiza kuti Vietnam idakali dziko lamphamvu kwambiri, ndiyeno njira yake yaukazembe nayonso ndiyabwino kwambiri, yomwe imayenera kuyang'aniridwa.

b.Indonesia

Malo a Indonesia ndi ofunika, ndipo akhoza kupindula ndi kukwera kwa China ndi India.Likulu laukadaulo la United States labweranso kuno, ndipo mayiko atatu omwe ali ndi mphamvu kwambiri adzakhala pano mtsogolomu.Akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu imeneyi.Indonesia palokha ili ndi anthu ambiri, zinthu zabwino ndi chilengedwe, komanso mikhalidwe yabwino yachigawo.

c.Iran

Iran ili ndi chitukuko chachitali, ndipo cholowa chake chazaka 5000 ndi chabwino kwambiri.Chiwerengero cha anthu a mtundu uwu ndi lalikulu ndithu, ndi dziko malo oposa 1.6 miliyoni makilomita lalikulu si laling'ono.Ndikuganiza kuwuka kwa Iran, ngwazi yoyamba ndi United States, ndipo yachiwiri ndi yake.

M'malo mwake, Iran idakhala yosamasuka kwakanthawi.Pambuyo pa Green Revolution mu 1979, akumadzulo onse adazipondereza chifukwa cha akapolo aku America.Dziko la Sunni linazipondereza.Ndi thandizo limodzi la West ndi Saudi Arabia, Saddam anapita kukamenya iye.Iran ndi Iran zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ndi theka nkhondo itatha, Iran inapha anthu oposa 4.6 miliyoni.

Anamenyedwa pankhondo, kudzipatula pazandale, komanso pazachuma kwambiri, chifukwa pambuyo pavuto lachiwiri lamafuta mu 1979, Azungu adasiya mafakitale, ndiyeno mtengo wamafuta udatsika.Iran idadalira mafuta, kotero yakhala yachuma kwa nthawi yayitali.Zovuta kwambiri.Koma m'zaka za zana lino, mothandizidwa ndi Amereka, tsopano ndi nsomba zamchere zotembenuzidwa ndi zamoyo.Mwachitsanzo, chinthu choyamba chimene United States ikuchita ndicho kupha mdani wake wakale Saddam.

Iran ilibe zokakamiza kwambiri pachitetezo, zokambirana zasinthanso, ndipo mitengo yamafuta yakwera m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo chuma chake chakhala chamoyo, kotero Iran tsopano ili bwino kwambiri kuposa zaka khumi zapitazo, ndipo idakalipobe. kukhala ndi chiyembekezo m'tsogolo.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, n’chifukwa chiyani Aisiraeli akuopa kwambiri zimenezi?

Chifukwa mwina ndi dziko lokhalo m'dziko lachi Muslim lomwe liri ndi chiwopsezo chenicheni kwa Israeli m'tsogolomu, anthu ena alibedi luso limeneli.Chifukwa chakuti Israeli amawopa kwambiri, United States ikukhudzidwa ndi Israeli, ndipo tsopano m'pofunika kukonza.

Koma zivute zitani, Iran idzakhalabe gulu lodziimira ku Middle East ndikuchitapo kanthu.

d.nkhukundembo

Purezidenti wa Turkey Erdogan ndi wofunitsitsa kwambiri.Akufuna kukhazikitsa neo-Ottomanism, yomwe ibweretsa zosintha zambiri ku Middle East.

Chachinayi: Chitukuko mzaka khumi zikubwerazi

a. Maphunziro a federal

Pogwiritsa ntchito deta yapakati, mtengo ukhoza kuchotsedwa ku deta.Koma pamene kuchuluka kwa deta kumawonjezeka, deta centralization imakhala yovuta kwambiri.

Njira yothetsera vutoli ndi gawo latsopano lophunzirira makina, lotchedwa federated learning.M'malo motumiza zidziwitso ku ma algorithms, kuphunzira kophatikizana kumatumiza deta ku ma algorithms.

Mutha kukhala kuti mwapezapo phindu la maphunziro a federal osazindikira.Mukalemba mawu pa foni yanu, pamene mukulemba, njira yolowera imakupatsani zosankha zingapo.Malingaliro olowa awa amapangidwa ndi makina ophunzirira makina.

Malamulo achinsinsi amaletsa apulo, Google, ndi ena kutumiza mauthenga anu ku ma algorithms awo ophunzirira.Chifukwa chake amagwiritsa ntchito maphunziro aboma kuphunzitsa chitsanzo pafoni yanu.

Ubwino wachinsinsi wa ogwiritsa ntchito umabwera chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms pa chipangizocho.Kuphunzira kwa Federal ndikoyenera kwa mapulogalamu omwe akukhudzidwa ndi zachinsinsi.

b.E-masewera ndi zosangalatsa

Esports idzakhala bizinesi yayikulu kuposa masewera wamba.

"Ndife basketball, ndife NBA, ndife pang'ono ESPN" - Netflix akufotokoza za esports

Mutha kumva woyendetsa ndegeyo akulankhula mwachidule pambuyo pa masewera achikhalidwe.Mu esports, gulu lonse limakhala likuwulutsidwa nthawi zonse.Izi zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kuti owonera amvetsetse nkhani zama esports.Ndipo makampani amasewera nthawi zonse akusintha malamulo amasewera kuti azikhala osangalatsa.

c.Blockchain ndi bitcoin

Blockchain ndi mbali, ndipo kudalira ndi phindu la mbali imeneyo.

Pakhala pali zokamba zambiri za kiyi yobweretsa blockchain mu mainstream.Kuwongolera kwakukulu kumakhala kovuta.Ndikukhulupirira kuti kukhazikitsidwa kwaukadaulo wa blockchain kudzachitika makamaka kuseri kwa mabizinesi ogulitsa.

Ndizovuta kusintha njira zomwe zilipo kale ndi blockchains.Zimafunika kuthandizidwa ndi anthu ambiri ogwira nawo ntchito komanso kupeza deta yodalirika kuchokera pansi pa unyolo kuti apange unyolo.Kuti avomerezedwe pagulu, kasamalidwe kofunikira, kasungidwe, ndi kuchira kuyenera kuyankhidwa.

Malinga ndi bitcoin, mphotho kwa ogwira ntchito m'migodi imadulidwa pakati pa midadada iliyonse ya 210,000 yokumbidwa, yomwe imatchedwa kugawa.Pofika pakati pa 2020, idzakhala itachepa kachitatu, zomwe ambiri amalosera kuti zidzabweretsa msika watsopano wa ng'ombe.John McAfee ali ndi chidaliro (amaneneratu kuti bitcoin idzafika $ 500,000 kumapeto kwa 2020).Ine ndikuyembekeza iwo akulondola.

Bitcoin inalephera ngati ndalama, koma idapambana ngati sitolo yamtengo wapatali.

d.palibe galimoto

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa magalimoto osayendetsa sikuchedwa chifukwa cha zoletsa, koma pamapeto pake capitalism idzapambana.

Mtengo wamayendedwe ukhala pafupi ndi ziro.

Netscape idapereka nsanja ku Amazon, Google, ndi Facebook, ndipo zombo zopanda madalaivala zidzakhala nsanja yatsopano yomwe ipangidwe.Mtengo wotumizira ukatsika mpaka zero, utsegula mitundu yatsopano yamabizinesi yomwe ilibe tanthauzo pano, monga:

Kukonzekera chakudya chamoto kuti pitsa yanu ikhale yatsopano mu uvuni mukadzafika.

Kupereka zolosera, dongosolo limatumizidwa mankhwala asanabwere.

Ofesi yam'manja panthawi yopita.

Chipinda chowonetsera banja cha "ndithandizeni kupanga m'badwo" chimapangitsa katundu wobwerera kukhala wosavuta monga kubweretsa.

Gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zosagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'ono pofunikira.

Mfundo yopangira nthawi yokhayo idzayendetsa kukwera kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yake.

e.chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chidzawonjezeka ndi 1 biliyoni podzafika 2030, ndipo nyengo yonse idzapitirizabe kutentha

Malinga ndi lipoti la UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs 'World Poletion Outlook 2019, chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse chidzafika 8.5 biliyoni pofika 2030.

Chiwerengero cha okalamba chikuchulukirachulukira, ndipo pafupifupi munthu mmodzi mwa asanu ndi atatu aliwonse opitilira 65.

Kwa zaka khumi zikubwerazi, mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 21, Africa idzakhala ndi chiwerengero cha anthu ogwira ntchito chomwe chikukula mofulumira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Malinga ndi akatswiri a bungwe la United Nations, anthu 60 pa 100 alionse padziko lapansi adzakhala m’mizinda pofika chaka cha 2030, ndipo mizinda yokhala ndi anthu 1 miliyoni idzawonjezeka kuchoka pa 548 mu 2018 kufika pa 706.

Pofika chaka cha 2030, chiŵerengero chonse cha anthu obadwa pambuyo pa 2000 chidzaposa 2 biliyoni, zomwe zidzawapangitsa kukhala maziko a moyo wandale, zachuma, ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Podzafika 2030, kutentha kwapadziko lonse kudzakwera ndi 1.5 digiri Celsius.Kusintha kwanyengo kudzakhudza kwambiri chuma padziko lonse lapansi.Kusintha kwanyengo kudzawonongera dziko $2 thililiyoni pakuwonongeka kotayika, bungwe lodziyimira pawokha linanena.Lipoti la banki yapadziko lonse lati gawo laulimi ku Africa litha kuwona mwayi wokulirapo wa $ 1 thililiyoni.

f.e-commerce ikukula

E-commerce idzakhala njira yayikulu yamalonda yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso injini yakukula kwachuma.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za unctad, kuchuluka kwa malonda a e-commerce padziko lonse lapansi kudaposa madola 29 thililiyoni mu 2019, pomwe 88% anali B2B ndipo 12% anali B2C.Kukula konse kwa B2C kunali 412 biliyoni ife madola, makamaka ku China.China, India, ndi South Africa ndi mayiko omwe akukula mwachangu pazamalonda a pakompyuta.

19.2 peresenti ya ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti aku Russia amagwiritsa ntchito malonda a e-commerce, kuchokera pa avareji yapadziko lonse ya 16 peresenti.Kulipira kwa mafoni a m'manja posachedwapa kudzakhala kofala m'mayiko omwe ali ndi mabanki abwino kwambiri.Malinga ndi ZDNet, 86 peresenti ya aku China ndi ogwiritsa ntchito chikwama cha intaneti, omwe ali oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.Indonesia, Thailand ndi Philippines ali m'gulu la mayiko 10 otsogola padziko lonse lapansi otengera mafoni am'manja, malinga ndi PWC.Malipiro am'manja akufalikira mwachangu padziko lonse lapansi.

Mitundu yonse yazizindikiro ikuwonetsa kuti B2C ikhala njira yayikulu pazamalonda apakompyuta padziko lonse lapansi.Mwachitsanzo, gulu la Lazada, tsamba la e-commerce lothandizidwa ndi Alibaba, lidalengeza kuti lithandizira mabizinesi 8 miliyoni a e-commerce ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati ku Southeast Asia pofika 2030.

M’zaka khumi zikubwerazi, anthu ambiri padziko lapansi adzakhala ophatikizidwa mozama m’kachitidwe ka ngongole zandalama.

Pansi pa njira yatsopano yamalonda, zilango zachuma, unilateralism, ndi chitetezo zidzataya mphamvu zake ndikulephera kulepheretsa kukwera kwachuma padziko lonse lapansi ndi madera omwe akutukuka kumene.