Imwe: Imigendekere yakazi muri Amerika mumyaka icumi iri imbere (raporo ya McKinsey)

a.Muri rusange, Amerika izakomeza kwiyongera mubikorwa mumyaka icumi iri imbere.

b.McKinsey atangaza ko akazi kazakomeza kwiyongera mu bijyanye n'ubuvuzi, ikoranabuhanga rya STEM, guhanga no gucunga, ubucuruzi n'amategeko, imiyoborere, uburezi n'amahugurwa y'imyuga, serivisi z’abakiriya no kugurisha, imicungire y'umutungo, ubuhinzi, ubwubatsi, n'ibikoresho. imyaka icumi.

c.Ubuzima hamwe na STEM bijyanye niterambere ryakazi birenze 30%.Gukura kwa STEM ntabwo bigoye kubyumva.Ubwiyongere bwumubare wubuzima nubuvuzi biterwa ahanini nuko abantu bashaka kubaho ubuzima buzira umuze kugirango babeho, kandi kwagura ubuzima biganisha ku gusaza kwisi.

d.Gushyira imashini no kuyitunganya, umuganda rusange, umurongo uteranya hamwe nabakozi bakora imashini, serivisi zokurya, nabakozi bo mubiro byibanze bazabura akazi kubera ubwenge bwubukorikori mumyaka icumi iri imbere.

McKinsey atangaza ko imirimo izamuka vuba mu bice bitanu by'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, guhanga, ubutunzi, ubufasha bw'amarangamutima, ndetse n'ubuvuzi mu myaka icumi iri imbere.

a.Ikoranabuhanga ryimbere: abategura software

b.Icyiciro cyo kurema: abashushanya imbere, multimediya na animasiyo, hamwe nabashushanya, nibindi.

c.Gucunga umutungo: inzobere mu mirire;umuhuza;gukora impuguke mu bijyanye na physiologiya;ushinzwe umutungo, nibindi

d.Inkunga mbonezamubano n'amarangamutima: abahugura, amavuriro / ubujyanama, hamwe naba psychologue bo mwishuri, nibindi.

e.Ubuvuzi: umuvuzi wumubiri;umuforomo;umufasha wumuganga;umuganga;umufasha wihariye, nibindi.

Mu kazi kazoza, abakozi benshi kandi benshi bazasabwa kugira ubushobozi buke bwo kumenya (guhanga, ubushobozi bwo gukemura amakuru akomeye kugirango bakemure ibibazo), imibereho myiza n’itumanaho (ubuhanga, kuyobora no kuyobora), hamwe nubushobozi bwa tekinike (ubushobozi bwo gutangiza gahunda / ubushobozi bwo gutunganya amakuru).

Icya kabiri: Umubano hagati yibihugu bikomeye byisi uzarushaho kuba ingorabahizi mumyaka icumi iri imbere

a.Ibihugu bitandatu bikomeye ku isi: Amerika, Ubushinwa, Uburusiya, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi (muri rusange, ubushobozi bw’ibikorwa bihwanye n’igihugu kinini), Ubuyapani, Ubuhinde

Burezili ntiyigeze ibarwa, nubwo ari nini bihagije kugirango ibe igihugu kinini, ikibabaje, ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukora ni bubi.

Ishyamba rya Amazone ryibihaha binini kwisi ni muri Berezile, naho uruzi rwa Amazone, impyiko yisi, narwo muri Berezile.Amazi akungahaye kangahe?No mugihe cyizuba, amazi yacyo akubye inshuro 8 uruzi rwa Yangtze.

Ikibanza muri Berezile ni uko ibintu bimeze neza.Niba ari byiza cyane, bizoroha kugira ibibazo: ubunebwe nubushobozi buke bwo gutunganya, kandi iterambere ryabantu ripimwa nubushobozi bwumuteguro.

Uburusiya bufite abaturage bake ugereranije na miliyoni 142 naho umubare w'abana bavuka ni 0.67 gusa.Umugore ntashobora kubyara;abaturage b'i Burayi n'Ubuyapani nabo barashaje.Ukurikije abaturage, umutungo, hamwe nubushobozi bwigihugu bwo gutunganya, ibintu mubushinwa, Amerika, n'Ubuhinde ni byiza.

b.Ejo hazaza h’umubano wu Bushinwa nu Buyapani bigomba kuba ibibazo cyane

Ubuyapani, ku giti cyanjye ndatekereza ko bigoye cyane mubihugu byose kwisi kwemera kuzamuka kwUbushinwa, kubera ko Ubuyapani bufite psychologiya ebyiri ibindi bihugu bidafite, kimwe ni ivanguramoko rishingiye ku gitsina ku Bushinwa, ikindi ni icyaha gikomeye cyane kumva.

Ibisabwa kugirango Ubuyapani bugire inyungu zikoranabuhanga nuko abashinwa banze kwiga.Igihe cyose abashinwa batangiye kwiga, ni ikibazo gusa mbere yuko bamufata mubuhanga.

Gari ya moshi yihuta y'Ubuyapani yitwa Shinkansen, kandi bumva ko bonyine ku isi.Noneho bamenye neza ko gari ya moshi yihuta y'Ubushinwa ibaruta.Ubufaransa, Ubuyapani, n'Ubushinwa nuburyo butatu bwa gari ya moshi yihuta kwisi.Turi beza.Shinkansen yo mu Buyapani ifite umuvuduko wa kilometero 246 mu isaha, Ubufaransa bufite kilometero 272, naho mu Bushinwa, ntiburenza kilometero 300 mu isaha.Ukurikije ubushinwa, nta gari ya moshi yihuta mu Buyapani.Nigute umuvuduko wa kilometero 246 ushobora kwitwa gari ya moshi yihuta?

Ubushinwa ni ubw'igihugu cyiza cyane mubihugu bikomeye.Ubuyapani bwatsinze ikosa, ariko ntiyigeze amenya ikosa, bityo ejo hazaza h’umubano wu Bushinwa nu Buyapani bigomba kuba ikibazo cyane.

C. Umubano wu Bushinwa nu Buhinde ugomba no kuba ibibazo cyane mugihe kizaza

Iki nikibazo rwose kubera amakimbirane yumupaka.Noneho mubyukuri, twazamutse icyarimwe kandi turi mubihe byo guhatanira ingamba.

Icya gatatu: Imbaraga zingana hagati yimyaka icumi iri imbere zikwiye kwitabwaho

Mubitekerezo byanjye, imbaraga enye ziciriritse dukwiye kwitaho cyane mugihe kizaza ni Vietnam, Indoneziya, Irani, na Turukiya.

a.Vietnam

Inganda za Vietnam zigomba kuba nziza.Ifite ubushobozi bwinganda, kandi ifite abaturage barenga miliyoni 90, vuba aha izaba irenga miliyoni 100.Umubare wabaturage urahari kandi ubushobozi bwinganda nabwo burahari.

Ibyavuye mu mibare mpuzamahanga ya Olempike byasohotse, Koreya y'Epfo iza ku mwanya wa mbere, Ubushinwa buza ku mwanya wa kabiri, naho Vietnam iza ku mwanya wa gatatu.Ndatekereza ko Vietnam ikiri igihugu gikomeye cyane, hanyuma ingamba za diplomasi nazo ni nziza cyane, zikwiye kwitabwaho.

b.Indoneziya

Indoneziya iherereye ni ngombwa, kandi irashobora kungukirwa no kuzamuka kwUbushinwa nu Buhinde.Ikigo cy’ibikorwa by’Amerika cyongeye kuza hano, kandi ibihugu bitatu bikomeye cyane bizaba hano ejo hazaza.Arashobora gukoresha izo mbaraga.Indoneziya ubwayo ifite umubare munini w'abaturage, umutungo mwiza n'ibidukikije, hamwe n'akarere keza.

c.Irani

Irani ifite umuco muremure, kandi umurage wumuco wimyaka 5000 nibyiza cyane.Abatuye iki gihugu nabo ni benshi, kandi ubutaka bwigihugu bungana na kilometero kare miliyoni 1.6 ntabwo ari buto.Ntekereza ko kuzamuka kwa Irani, intwari ya mbere ari Amerika, naho iya kabiri ni iyayo.

Mubyukuri, Irani ntiyigeze imererwa neza mugihe runaka.Nyuma ya Green Revolution muri 1979, Uburengerazuba bwose bwarayihagaritse kubera Abanyamerika bajyanywe bunyago.Isi y'Abasuni yarayihagaritse.Abifashijwemo n’iburengerazuba na Arabiya Sawudite, Saddam yagiye kumukubita.Irani na Irani Nyuma yimyaka umunani nigice nyuma yintambara, Irani yahitanye abantu barenga miliyoni 4,6.

Yakubiswe mu buryo bwa gisirikare, mu bwigunge muri politiki, no mu bukungu biragoye cyane, kubera ko nyuma y’ikibazo cya kabiri cya peteroli mu 1979, Abanyaburengerazuba bahinduye inganda, hanyuma igiciro cya peteroli kiragabanuka.Irani yishingikirije kuri peteroli, bityo ikaba imaze igihe kinini mubukungu.Birakomeye cyane.Ariko muri iki kinyejana, tubifashijwemo n’abanyamerika, ubu ni amafi yumunyu yahindutse kandi ari muzima.Kurugero, ikintu cya mbere Amerika ikora nukwica umwanzi wacyo wa kera Saddam.

Irani ntabwo ifite igitutu kinini ku mutekano, diplomasi nayo yarahindutse, kandi ibiciro bya peteroli byazamutse mu myaka yashize, kandi ubukungu bwarwo buba muzima, bityo Irani ikaba ihagaze neza cyane kuruta uko byari bimeze mu myaka icumi ishize, kandi iracyahari ibyiringiro biri imbere.

Byongeye kandi, kuki Isiraheli itinya cyane?

Kuberako bishoboka ko aricyo gihugu cyonyine mubihugu byabayisilamu gifite iterabwoba nyaryo kuri Isiraheli mugihe kizaza, abandi bantu rwose ntibafite ubwo bushobozi.Kubera ko Isiraheli itinya cyane, Amerika yayobowe na Isiraheli, none birakenewe kuyikosora.

Ariko uko yagwa kose, Irani izakomeza kuba ingufu zigenga zo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati kandi zigire uruhare.

d.Turukiya

Perezida wa Turkiya, Erdogan ararikira cyane.Arashaka gushyira mubikorwa neo-Ottomanism, izazana impinduka nyinshi muburasirazuba bwo hagati.

Icya kane: Iterambere ryiterambere mumyaka icumi iri imbere

a.Imyigire rusange

Mugukoresha amakuru yibanze, agaciro karashobora gukurwa mumibare.Ariko uko ingano yamakuru yiyongera, guhuza amakuru bigenda bigorana.

Igisubizo cyiki kibazo nikintu gishya cyo kwiga imashini, kizwi nka federasiyo yo kwiga.Aho kohereza amakuru kuri algorithms, kwiga federasiyo yohereza amakuru kuri algorithm.

Ushobora kuba warabonye inyungu zo kwiga federasiyo utabizi.Iyo wanditse inyandiko kuri terefone yawe, nkuko wandika, uburyo bwo kwinjiza buguha amahitamo menshi ashoboka.Iyinjiza Ibyifuzo mubyukuri byakozwe na moderi yo kwiga imashini.

Amategeko yerekeye ubuzima bwite abuza pome, Google, n’abandi kohereza ubutumwa bwawe bwite kuri algorithm.Bakoresha rero kwiga federal guhugura icyitegererezo kuri terefone yawe.

Ibyiza byumukoresha wibanga biza kumafaranga yo gukoresha algorithms kubikoresho.Kwiga muri reta birakwiriye kubisabwa bireba ubuzima bwite.

b.E-siporo n'imyidagaduro

Esports izahinduka inganda nini kuruta siporo isanzwe.

“Turi basketball, turi NBA, turi buke bwa ESPN” - Netflix asobanura esports

Urashobora kumva capitaine avuga muri make nyuma yumukino wa siporo gakondo.Muri esport, itsinda ryose rihora ryerekanwa neza.Ibi byorohereza abareba kumva storyline ya esport.Kandi ibigo byimikino bihora bihindura amategeko yumukino kugirango birusheho gushimisha.

c.Guhagarika hamwe na bitcoin

Guhagarika ni ikintu kiranga, kandi kwizerana ninyungu yibyo biranga.

Habayeho ibiganiro byinshi kubyerekeye urufunguzo rwo kuzana blocain muburyo rusange.Ubuyobozi bwibanze buracyagoye.Nizera ko ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya blocain rizabaho cyane cyane murwego rwo gutanga imishinga.

Biragoye guhindura inzira zihari hamwe na blocain.Irasaba inkunga yabafatanyabikorwa benshi no kubona amakuru yizewe kuva kumurongo kugirango ube urunigi.Kugirango yemererwe muburyo bukuru, imiyoborere yingenzi, kubika, no gukira bigomba gukemurwa.

Nk’uko bitcoin ibivuga, ibihembo ku bacukuzi bigabanywa kabiri kuri buri 210.000 yacukuwe, ibyo bita kabiri.Hagati ya 2020, bizaba byikubye kabiri kunshuro ya gatatu, benshi bavuga ko bizaganisha ku isoko rishya.John McAfee afite icyizere (ateganya ko bitcoin izagera ku $ 500.000 mu mpera za 2020).Nizere ko bavuga ukuri.

Bitcoin yananiwe nk'ifaranga, ariko yatsinze nk'ububiko bw'agaciro.

d.nta modoka

Kwakira imodoka zitagira shoferi bizatinda kubera imbogamizi zubuyobozi, ariko amaherezo capitalism izatsinda.

Amafaranga yo gutwara abantu azaba hafi ya zeru.

Netscape yatanze urubuga rwa Amazone, Google, na Facebook, kandi amato atagira shoferi azaba urubuga rushya rutezwa imbere.Mugihe ibiciro byo gutanga bigabanutse kuri zeru, bizakingura imishinga mishya yubucuruzi idafite ishingiro nonaha, nka:

Gutegura ibiryo bya moteri kugirango pizza yawe iba nshya mumatara mugihe ugezeyo.

Gutanga amakuru ateganijwe, itegeko ryoherezwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bigera.

Ibiro bigendanwa mugihe cyo kugenda.

Icyumba cyerekanwe kumuryango "mumfashe gukora igisekuru" bituma ibicuruzwa bigaruka byoroshye nko kubitanga.

Koresha ibintu hamwe no gukoresha bike kubisabwa.

Ihame ryo gukora-mugihe gikwiye bizamura izamuka ryigihe-cyo gukoresha.

e.abatuye isi baziyongera kuri miliyari 1 muri 2030, kandi ikirere muri rusange kizakomeza gushyuha

Ishami ry’umuryango w’abibumbye ryita ku bukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage ku isi ryerekana uko isi itekereza muri 2019, abatuye isi bazagera kuri miliyari 8.5 mu 2030.

Umubare w'abasaza uragenda wiyongera cyane, aho umuntu umwe kuri umunani arengeje 65.

Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, kugeza mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 21, Afurika izaba ifite umubare munini w'abaturage bafite imyaka myinshi yo gukora.

Nk’uko impuguke z’umuryango w’abibumbye zibitangaza, 60 ku ijana by’abatuye isi bazatura mu mijyi bitarenze 2030, naho imijyi ituwe na miliyoni imwe ikazava kuri 548 muri 2018 ikagera kuri 706.

Kugeza 2030, umubare wabantu bavutse nyuma ya 2000 uzarenga miliyari 2, ube inkingi yubuzima bwa politiki, ubukungu, n'imibereho.

Kugeza 2030, ubushyuhe bwisi buzamuka kuri dogere selisiyusi 1.5.Imihindagurikire y’ibihe izagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bukungu bw’isi.Ikinyamakuru cyigenga cyatangaje ko imihindagurikire y’ibihe izatwara isi miliyari 2 z'amadolari y’umusaruro wabuze.Raporo ya banki y'isi ivuga ko urwego rw'ubuhinzi muri Afurika rushobora kubona amahirwe yo kuzamuka angana na tiriyari imwe y'amadolari.

f.e-ubucuruzi buratera imbere

E-ubucuruzi buzaba uburyo nyamukuru bwubucuruzi mpuzamahanga na moteri yiterambere ryubukungu.

Dukurikije imibare ya unctad, igurishwa rya e-ubucuruzi ku isi ryarenze tiriyari 29 z'amadolari muri 2019, muri bo 88% ni B2B naho 12% ni B2C.Ubunini bwa B2C bwari miliyari 412 z'amadolari, cyane cyane mubushinwa.Ubushinwa, Ubuhinde, na Afurika yepfo nibyo bihugu byihuta cyane mu bucuruzi bwa e-bucuruzi.

19.2 ku ijana by'abakoresha interineti y'Uburusiya bakoresha e-ubucuruzi, bivuye ku kigereranyo cya 16%.Kwishyura kuri terefone bizahita biba rusange mubihugu bifite sisitemu nziza ya banki.Nk’uko ZDNet ibivuga, 86 ku ijana by'Abashinwa ni abakoresha umufuka wa interineti, biza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi.PWC ivuga ko Indoneziya, Tayilande na Filipine biri mu bihugu 10 bya mbere ku isi byakira telefone.Kwishura kuri terefone bigenda bikwirakwira kwisi yose.

Ubwoko bwose bwibimenyetso byerekana B2C izahinduka uburyo nyamukuru bwubucuruzi bwa elegitoroniki.Kurugero, itsinda rya Lazada, umuyoboro wa e-ubucuruzi uterwa inkunga na Alibaba, ryatangaje ko rizatera inkunga miliyoni 8 ba rwiyemezamirimo ba e-bucuruzi n’ibigo bito n'ibiciriritse mu majyepfo y’iburasirazuba bwa Aziya mu 2030.

Mu myaka icumi iri imbere, abaturage benshi ku isi bazinjizwa cyane muri gahunda y'inguzanyo.

Muri ubwo buryo bushya bw’ubucuruzi, ibihano by’ubukungu, kutabogama, no gukumira ibicuruzwa bizatakaza imbaraga kandi binanirwa gukumira izamuka ry’ubukungu bw’isi ndetse n’akarere.