Imwe: Maitiro emabasa muUnited States mumakore gumi anotevera (mushumo weMcKinsey)

a.Kazhinji kutaura, United States icharamba ichikura mumabasa mumakore gumi anotevera.

b.McKinsey anofanotaura kuti basa richaramba richikura muminda yehutano, STEM tekinoroji, kusikwa uye manejimendi, bhizinesi nemutemo, manejimendi, dzidzo uye kudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi, basa revatengi nekutengesa, manejimendi ezvivakwa, kurima, kuvaka, uye zvinhu mune inotevera. makore gumi.

c.Hutano uye STEM-inoenderana nebasa kukura kwakakwira kupfuura 30%.Kukura kweSTEM hakuna kuoma kunzwisisa.Kuwedzera kwenhamba yehutano uye nzvimbo dzezvokurapa kunonyanya nokuti vanhu vanoda kurarama hupenyu hune hutano kuti vawedzere hupenyu hwavo, uye kuwedzera kwehupenyu kunotungamirira kukwegura kwepasi rose.

d.Kuiswa kwemechanicha nekugadzirisa, basa renharaunda, mutsara wegungano uye vashandi vekushandisa muchina, masevhisi ekubika, uye vashandi vekutanga vemuhofisi vacharasikirwa nemabasa nekuda kwehungwaru hwekugadzira mumakore gumi anotevera.

McKinsey anofanotaura mabasa ari kukurumidza kukura munzvimbo shanu huru dzetekinoroji, kugadzira, hupfumi, tsigiro yemagariro, uye hutano mukati memakore gumi anotevera.

a.Frontier tekinoroji: vanogadzira software

b.Chisikwa chechikamu: vagadziri vemukati, multimedia uye animators, uye vagadziri vekuratidzira, nezvimwe.

c.Wealth management: nutritionist;broker;kurovedza muviri nyanzvi;hupfumi maneja, etc.

d.Tsigiro yemagariro uye yemanzwiro: varairidzi, kiriniki / kubvunza, uye vechikoro vepfungwa, nezvimwe.

e.Healthcare: murapi wepanyama;nurse;chiremba mubatsiri;chiremba;personal care mubatsiri, etc.

Mune basa remangwana, vashandi vakawanda vanozodiwa kuti vave nepamusoro-soro yekuziva kugona (kusika, kukwanisa kubata ruzivo rwakaoma kugadzirisa matambudziko), hukama hwemagariro evanhu nekukurukurirana (kushanda, hutungamiri uye hutungamiri hunyanzvi), uye kugona kwehunyanzvi (programming kugona/ data kugadzirisa kugona).

Chechipiri: Ukama huri pakati pemasimba makuru enyika huchanyanya kuoma mumakore gumi ari kutevera

a.Nyika nhanhatu huru pasi rose: United States, China, Russia, European Union (sezvo, simba rayo rekushanda rakaenzana nenyika huru), Japan, India.

Brazil haina kuverengwa, kunyange yakakura zvakakwana kuti ive nyika huru, zvinosuruvarisa, kugona kwayo kuita kwakashata.

Sango reAmazon remapapu makuru pasi rose riri muBrazil, uye Rwizi rweAmazon, itsvo yepasi, iriwo muBrazil.Mvura yakapfuma zvakadii?Kunyangwe mumwaka wakaoma, huwandu hwemvura hwayo hunopeta ka8 pane hweRwizi rweYangtze.

Nzvimbo muBrazil ndeyekuti mamiriro acho akanyanya kunaka.Kana yakanyanya kunaka, zvinova nyore kuve nematambudziko: kuregera uye kusagona kwehurongwa husina kunaka, uye kufambira mberi kwevanhu kunoyerwa nekugona kwesangano.

Russia ine vanhu vashoma vane mamiriyoni e142 uye nhamba yekuzvarwa inosvika 0.67 chete.Mukadzi haagoni kuita mwana;vagari vomuEurope neJapan vari kuchemberawo.Kubva pamaonero ehuwandu hwevanhu, zviwanikwa, uye kugona kuronga kwenyika, mamiriro eChina, United States, neIndia ari nani.

b.Ramangwana rehukama hweSino-Japan rinofanira kunge richinetsa

Japan, ini pachangu ndinofunga kuti ndiyo yakaoma kupfuura nyika dzese pasirese kugamuchira kusimuka kweChina, nekuti Japan ine ma psychology maviri asina dzimwe nyika, imwe ibenzi rerusarura kuChina, imwe imhosva yakadzika kwazvo. pfungwa.

Chinodiwa kuti Japan ive nemukana wetekinoroji ndeyekuti maChinese aramba kudzidza.Chero bedzi maChinese achitanga kudzidza, ingori nyaya yenguva vasati vasangana naye mune tekinoroji.

Njanji yeJapan inomhanya zvikuru inonzi Shinkansen, uye vanonzwa kuti vari voga munyika.Iye zvino vanonyatsoziva kuti China njanji yekumhanya-mhanya iri nani kupfuura ivo.France, Japan, neChina ndidzo nhatu huru dzenjanji dzinomhanya kwazvo pasi rose.Isu tiri vakanaka.Shinkansen yekuJapan ine kumhanya kwepamusoro kwemakiromita 246 paawa, France ine makiromita 272, uye kuChina, isingasviki makiromita mazana matatu paawa.Zvinoenderana nezviyero zveChinese, hapana njanji inomhanya kwazvo muJapan.Kumhanya kwemakiromita 246 kunganzi njanji inomhanya sei?

China ndeyenyika yakanyanya kunaka pakati pemasimba makuru.Japan yakapfuura chikanganiso, asi haana kungoziva chikanganiso, saka ramangwana rehukama hweSino-Japanese rinofanira kunge richinetsa zvikuru.

C. Hukama hweSino-Indian hunofanirawo kunetsa zvikuru mune ramangwana

Iri idambudziko chairo nekuda kwekunetsana kwemuganhu.Zvadaro zvine chinangwa, takasimuka panguva imwe chete uye tiri mumamiriro ezvinhu emakwikwi ehutano.

Yetatu: Masimba epakati-kati mumakore gumi anotevera anofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya

Mupfungwa dzangu, masimba mana epakati nepakati atinofanira kutarisisa mune ramangwana iVietnam, Indonesia, Iran, neTurkey.

a.Vhetinamu

Kubudirira kweVietnam kunofanirwa kuve kwakanaka.Iine hunyanzvi hwekusimudzira maindasitiri, uye ine vagari vemo vanopfuura mamirioni makumi mapfumbamwe, avo vachange vachipfuura mamirioni zana munguva pfupi.Huwandu hwevanhu huripo uye hunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri huripowo.

Mhedzisiro yenhamba dzeOlympic dzepasi rose dzakabuda, South Korea iri pekutanga, China iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri, uye Vietnam iri pachinhanho chechitatu.Ini ndinofunga Vietnam ichiri nyika ine simba kwazvo, uyezve zano rayo rezvematongerwo enyika rakanaka kwazvo, rinofanirwa kutariswa.

b.Indonezhiya

Nzvimbo yeIndonesia yakakosha, uye inogona kubatsirwa nekusimuka kweChina neIndia.Nzvimbo yakakosha yeUnited States yauya pano zvakare, uye nyika nhatu dzine simba kwazvo dzichange dziri pano mune ramangwana.Anogona kushandisa simba iri.Indonesia pachayo ine hukuru hwehuwandu hwevanhu, zviwanikwa zvakanaka uye nharaunda, uye mamiriro akanaka edunhu.

c.Iran

Iran ine budiriro refu, uye nhaka yayo ye5000-gore yetsika yakanaka kwazvo.Huwandu hwenyika ino zvakare hwakakura, uye nzvimbo yenyika inopfuura 1.6 miriyoni mativi emakiromita haisi diki.Ini ndinofunga kusimuka kweIran, gamba rekutanga iUnited States, uye yechipiri ndeyayo.

Muchokwadi, Iran yakanga isina kugadzikana kwenguva yakati.Mushure meGreen Revolution muna 1979, madokero ese akaidzvinyirira nekuda kwevatorwa vekuAmerica.Nyika yeSunni yakaidzvinyirira.Nerutsigiro rwakabatana rweWest neSaudi Arabia, Saddam akaenda kunomurova.Iran neIran Makore masere nehafu hondo yapera, Iran yakauraya vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 4,6.

Akarohwa zvechiuto, akaparadzaniswa nezvematongerwo enyika, uye mune zveupfumi zvakanyanya kuoma, nekuti mushure medambudziko rechipiri remafuta muna 1979, vekuMadokero vakabvisa maindasitiri, uye mutengo wemafuta wakaderera.Iran yaivimba nemafuta, saka yanga iri hupfumi kwenguva yakareba.Zvakaoma.Asi muzana rino remakore, nerubatsiro rwevaAmerica, zvino yava hove yakarungwa nemunyu yakapindurwa uye mhenyu.Semuenzaniso, chinhu chekutanga chinoitwa neUnited States kuuraya muvengi wayo wekare Saddam.

Iran haina kudzvanyirira kwakawanda kuchengetedzeka, dhipatimendi yakachinjawo, uye mitengo yemafuta yakakwira mumakore achangopfuura, uye hupfumi hwayo hwave huripo, saka Iran yave pachinzvimbo chiri nani kupfuura zvayaive makore gumi apfuura, uye inoramba iripo. ane tariro mune ramangwana.

Mukuwedzera, nei Israeri achinyanya kuitya?

Nekuti ingangove iyo chete nyika munyika yechiMuslim ine kutyisidzira chaiko kuIsrael mune ramangwana, vamwe vanhu havana chaizvo kugona uku.Nemhaka yokuti Israeri inonyanya kuitya, United States inopesvedzerwa neIsraeri, uye zvino yava madikanwa kuiruramisa.

Asi zvisinei nekuti inodonha sei, Iran icharamba iri yakazvimirira Middle East mauto uye kuita basa.

d.Teki

Mutungamiri weTurkey Erdogan anoda zvikuru.Anoda kuita neo-Ottomanism, iyo ichaunza zvakawanda zvakasiyana kuMiddle East.

Chechina: Maitiro ebudiriro mumakore gumi anotevera

a.Kudzidza kweFederal

Nekushandisa seti yepakati data, kukosha kunogona kutorwa kubva kune data.Asi sezvo huwandu hwe data hunowedzera, data centralization inowedzera uye yakanyanya kuoma.

Mhinduro kudambudziko iri ibasa idzva rekudzidza muchina, rinozivikanwa seFederated learning.Panzvimbo pekutumira data kune algorithms, kudzidza kwakabatana kunotumira data kune algorithms.

Iwe unogona kunge wakamboona mabhenefiti emubatanidzwa kudzidza usingazvizive.Paunonyora mavara pafoni yako, paunenge uchinyora, nzira yekuisa inokupa akati wandei sarudzo.Aya Mazano ekupinza anogadzirwa chaizvo nemuchina wekudzidza modhi.

Mitemo yekuvanzika inorambidza apuro, Google, nevamwe kutumira mameseji ako kune yavo yekudzidza algorithms.Saka ivo vanoshandisa kudzidza kwemubatanidzwa kudzidzisa modhi pafoni yako.

Mabhenefiti ekuvanzika kwemushandisi anouya nemubhadharo wekumhanyisa algorithms pachishandiso.Kudzidza kweFederal kwakakodzera kune zvikumbiro zvine chekuita nekuvanzika.

b.E-mitambo uye varaidzo

Esports ichava indasitiri hombe kupfuura yakawanda yemitambo yenguva dzose.

"Isu tiri basketball, isu tiri NBA, isu tiri zvishoma zveESPN" - Netflix anotsanangura esports

Unogona kunzwa kaputeni achitaura kwenguva pfupi mushure memutambo wechinyakare.Mu esports, timu yese iri kugara ichiburitswa live.Izvi zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kune vanoona kuti vanzwisise iyo nyaya ye esports.Uye makambani emitambo anogara achigadzirisa mitemo yemutambo kuti iwedzere kunakidza.

c.Blockchain uye bitcoin

Blockchain chinhu, uye kuvimba ndiko kubatsirwa kwechinhu ichocho.

Pave nekutaura kwakawanda nezve kiyi yekuunza blockchain mune mainstream.Kutungamira kwakakosha kuchiri kunetsa.Ini ndinotenda kugamuchirwa kwe blockchain tekinoroji kunonyanya kuitika kuseri kwebhizinesi rekutengesa cheni.

Zvakaoma kushandura maitiro aripo ne blockchains.Inoda kutsigirwa kwevazhinji vanobatana uye kutorwa kwedata rakavimbika kubva pasi pecheni kuitira kuumba ketani.Kuti ugamuchirwe muhukuru, manejimendi akakosha, kuchengetedza, uye kudzoreredza kunoda kugadziriswa.

Maererano ne bitcoin, mibairo yevashandi vemigodhi inochekwa nehafu kune yega yega 210,000 mabhuraki akacherwa, iyo inonzi hafu.Pakazosvika pakati pe2020, inenge yave nehafu kechitatu, iyo vakawanda vanofanotaura kuti ichatungamirira kumusika mutsva wenzombe.John McAfee ane chivimbo (anofanotaura kuti bitcoin ichasvika $ 500,000 pakupera kwe2020).Ndinovimba kuti vakarurama.

Bitcoin yakakundikana semari, asi yakabudirira sechitoro chekukosha.

d.hapana mota

Kutorwa kwemotokari dzisina mutyairi kuchanonoka nekuda kwezvirambidzo, asi pakupedzisira capitalism inokunda.

Mari yekufambisa inenge yava pedyo ne zero.

Netscape yakapa chikuva cheAmazon, Google, uye Facebook, uye zvikepe zvisina mutyairi zvichava chikuva chitsva chichagadziriswa.Kana mutengo wekutumira wadonha kusvika zero, inovhura mhando nyowani dzebhizinesi dzisina musoro izvozvi, senge:

Kugadzira chikafu chine mota kuitira kuti pizza yako ive nyowani kubva muchoto panguva yaunosvika ikoko.

Predictive delivery, kurongeka kunotumirwa chigadzirwa chisati chasvika.

Mobile hofisi panguva yekufamba.

Imba yekuratidzira yemhuri yekuti "ndibatsirei kuita chizvarwa" inoita kuti zvinhu zvinodzosa zvive nyore sekuzviendesa.

Shandisa zvinhu zvine kushandiswa kwakaderera pa-kuda.

Nheyo yekungoita-mu-nguva yekugadzira inofambisa kukwira kweiyo-mu-nguva yekushandisa.

e.huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose huchawedzera nebhiriyoni imwe panosvika gore ra2030, uye mamiriro okunze ose acharamba achidziya

Sekureva kweiyo UN department of Economic and Social Affairs 'World Population Outlook Report 2019, huwandu hwepasi rose huchasvika 8.5 bhiriyoni panosvika 2030.

Huwandu hwevanhu vachembera huri kukura zvakanyanya, paine munhu mumwe chete pavasere vanopfuura makumi matanhatu nevashanu.

Kwemakore gumi anotevera, kusvika pakupera kwezana remakore rechi21, Africa ichange iine vanhu vezera rekushanda vari kuwedzera nekukurumidza.

Maererano nenyanzvi dzeUN, zvikamu makumi matanhatu kubva muzana zvevanhu pasi rose zvichange zvave kugara mumaguta panosvika gore ra2030, uye maguta ane vanhu miriyoni imwe chete achawedzera kubva pa548 muna 2018 kusvika pa706.

Pakazosvika 2030, nhamba yevanhu vanoberekwa mushure megore ra2000 ichapfuura mabhiriyoni maviri, zvichiita kuti vave musimboti wehupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika, hwehupfumi, uye hwemagariro evanhu.

Pakazosvika 2030, tembiricha yepasi rose ichakwira ne1.5 degrees Celsius.Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuchakanganisa zvakanyanya hupfumi hwenyika.Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuchadhura pasi rose $2 trillion mukugadzirwa kwakarasika, yakazvimiririra yakashuma.Gwaro rebhanga repasi rose rinoti bazi rezvekurima muAfrica rinogona kuona mukana wekukura unosvika bhiriyoni imwe chete yemadhora.

f.e-commerce iri kuwedzera

E-commerce ichava nzira huru yekutengeserana kwenyika uye injini yekukura kwehupfumi.

Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hweunctad, huwandu hwekutengesa e-commerce hwepasi rose hwakapfuura 29 trillion isu madhora muna 2019, iyo 88% yaive B2B uye 12% yaive B2C.Huwandu hwese hweB2C hwaive 412 bhiriyoni isu madhora, kunyanya muChina.China, India, neSouth Africa ndidzo nyika dziri kukurumidza kukurumidza kutengeserana e-commerce.

19.2 muzana yevashandisi veInternet vekuRussia vanoshandisa e-commerce, kubva paavhareji yepasi rose yegumi nematanhatu muzana.Kubhadhara kwenharembozha kuchakurumidza kuitika munyika dzine masisitimu emabhangi ari nani.Sekureva kweZDNet, 86 muzana yeChinese vashandisi vewallet yepamhepo, vachitungamira pasirese.Indonesia, Thailand nePhilippine ndedzimwe nyika gumi dzepamusoro pasi rose dzekutorwa kwemafoni, maererano nePWC.Kubhadhara kwenharembozha kuri kupararira nekukurumidza pasi rose.

Ese marudzi ezviratidzo anoratidza B2C ichava iyo nzira huru yepasi rose yemagetsi kutengeserana.Semuenzaniso, boka reLazada, e-commerce portal inotsigirwa neAlibaba, yakazivisa kuti ichatsigira 8 miriyoni e-commerce mabhizinesi nemabhizinesi madiki nepakati muSoutheast Asia panosvika 2030.

Mumakore gumi anotevera, ruzhinji rwechiverengero chavagari vapasi chichabatanidzwa zvikuru mugadziriro yechikwereti chezvemari.

Pasi pemhando itsva yekutengeserana, zvirango zvehupfumi, unilateralism, uye kudzivirira zvicharasikirwa nekubudirira uye kutadza kudzivirira kusimuka kwepasi rose nematunhu ari kusimukira hupfumi.